Solar Altitude Angle, Surface Azimuth Angle, Solar Azimuth Angle & Altitude Angle
1 . Solar Altitude Angle:[α] The solar altitude angle, also known as the solar elevation angle, represents the height of the sun above the horizon. It is the angle between the horizontal plane and the line from the observer to the center of the sun. The solar altitude angle varies throughout the day and changes with the seasons. It is typically measured in degrees. The solar altitude angle is 0 degree at sunrise and usually 90 degrees when the sun is overhead at noon. The solar altitude angle is the angle between the sun ׳ s rays and a horizontal plane as shown in Fig. It is related to the solar zenith angle Φ, being the angle between the sun ׳ s rays and the vertical. Formula for the elevation angle at solar noon can be determined: α=90+φ-δα=90+φ-δ where: φ is the latitude of the required location (positive for the northern hemisphere and negative for the southern hemisphere). 2. Surface Azimuth Angle: [Υ] The surface azimuth angle, also referred to as ...
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