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Transformers and Their Uses Transformers are crucial devices used in electrical circuits to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. They play a significant role in stepping up or stepping down the voltage levels in power distribution systems. Types of Transformers #Shell Type and Core Type Transformers Shell-type transformers have their windings wrapped around the core, while core-type transformers have windings placed inside the core. #Single-Phase Transformers These transformers are designed to work with a single-phase alternating current (AC) supply. #Three-Phase Transformers Three-phase transformers are used in three-phase power systems, where three alternating currents vary in phase by 120 degrees. #Auto Transformers Auto transformers have a shared winding, acting as both the primary and secondary winding. #Scott Transformers Scott transformers are used to convert three-phase power into two-phase or vice versa. # High-Frequency Tr...

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  1 . Solar Altitude Angle:[α]   The solar altitude angle, also known as the solar elevation angle, represents the height of the sun above the horizon. It is the angle between the horizontal plane and the line from the observer to the center of the sun. The solar altitude angle varies throughout the day and changes with the seasons. It is typically measured in degrees. The solar altitude angle is 0 degree at sunrise and usually 90 degrees when the sun is overhead at noon. The solar altitude angle is the angle between the sun ׳ s rays and a horizontal plane as shown in Fig. It is related to the solar zenith angle Φ, being the angle between the sun ׳ s rays and the vertical. Formula for the elevation angle at solar noon can be determined:  α=90+φ-δα=90+φ-δ   where: φ is the latitude of the required location (positive for the northern hemisphere and negative for the southern hemisphere). 2. Surface Azimuth Angle: [Υ] The surface azimuth angle, also referred to as ...